This library is abandoned. Please consider using a different library.

Creating a new dependency injection container is simply a matter of creating a new object of type Opis\Container\Container. The constructor of this class takes no arguments.

use Opis\Container\Container;

$container = new Container();

Once the container was created, you could start using it and instantiate new objects with the help of the make method.

use Opis\Container\Container;
use Foo\Bar;

$container = new Container();

// New instance of Foo\Bar
$bar = $container->make(Bar::class);

You can also instantiate objects by invoking the container itself.

// New instance of Foo\Bar
$bar = $container(Bar::class);

Binding types

Binding an abstract type to a concrete type is done by using the bind method. The method takes two string arguments: the first one represents the abstract type, and the second one represents the concrete type.

use Opis\Container\Container;

interface GreetingInterface 
{
    public function greet(): string;
}

class Greeting implements GreetingInterface
{
    private $text;
    
    public function __construct(string $text = 'Hi')
    {
        $this->text = $text;
    }
    
    public function greet(): string
    {
        return $this->text;
    }
}

$container = new Container();

$container->bind(GreetingInterface::class, Greeting::class);

echo $container(GreetingInterface::class)->greet();//> Hi

When binding types, you can also specify arguments that will be passed to the constructor of the concrete type.

$container->bind(GreetingInterface::class, Greeting::class, ['Hello']);

echo $container(GreetingInterface::class)->greet(); //> Hello

Alternatively, you can pass as the second argument to the bind method an anonymous callback function that will be used to resolve the abstract type.

$container->bind(GreetingInterface::class, function(){
    return new Greeting("Good day");
});

echo $container(GreetingInterface::class)->greet(); //Good day

The callback receive as arguments the container instance itself and an array of values that were passed to the bind method to be used as arguments for the concrete type.

$container->bind(Foo::class, function(Container $container, array $arguments){
    //
}, ['foo', 'bar']);

If the second argument for the bind method is omitted, or null is passed as argument’s value, then the type passed as the first argument will be both abstract and concrete type.

$container->bind(Foo::class);
// equivalent of
$container->bind(Foo:class, Foo::class);

$container->bind(Bar::class, null, ["baz"]);
// equivalent of
$container->bind(Bar::class, Bar::class, ["baz"]);

Singletones

Occasionally is desirable that some types to be resolved once, and the same object to be returned on subsequent calls into the container. To achieve this behavior, simply bind the abstract type using the singleton method. This method takes same arguments as the bind method.

use Opis\Container\Container;

class Counter
{
    protected $count = 0;
    
    public function increment(): int
    {
        return $this->count++;
    }
}

$container = new Container();

$container->singleton(Counter::class);

echo $container(Counter::class)->increment() //> 0;
echo $container(Counter::class)->increment() //> 1;
echo $container(Counter::class)->increment() //> 2;

Dependency injection

The container handles dependency injection automatically. Just build an instance of a class by using the make method and it will just work.

class User
{
    private $name;
    private $greeting;
    
    function __construct(GreetingInterface $greeting, string $name = 'Joe')
    {
        $this->greeting = $greeting;
        $this->name = $name;
    }
    
    public function saySomething(): string
    {
        return $this->greeting->greet() . ', my name is '. $this->name;
    }
}

echo $container(User::class)->saySomething(); // Hi, my name is Joe

You can specify a custom value for $name by using either the bind method or the singleton method.

$container->bind(User::class, null, [
    // 0 => Automatically resolved by the container
    1 => 'Sam', // $name value
]);

echo $container(User::class)->saySomething(); // Hi, my name is Sam

Extend types

Sometimes, the dependencies of a class type are not passed through its constructor, but through one or more class methods. We can set these dependencies by using the extend method.

class User
{
    private $greeting;
    private $name;
    
    public function __construct(string $name = 'Joe')
    {
        $this->name = $name;
    }
    
    public function saySomething(): string
    {
        return $this->greeting->greet() . ', my name is '. $this->name;
    }
    
    public function setGreeting(GreetingInterface $greeting)
    {
        $this->$greeting = $greeting;
    }
}

$container->extend(User::class, function(User $user, Container $container){
    $user->setGreeting($container(GreetingInterface::class));
});

echo $container(User::class)->saySomething(); // Hi, my name is Joe

We can also use the extend method if we want to replace the instance of a class with another object that inherits from the same class.

class Foo
{
    public function text(): string
    {
        return 'bar';
    }
}

class MyFoo extends Foo
{
    private $instance;
    
    public function __construct(Foo $instance)
    {
        $this->instance = $instance;
    }
    
    public function text(): string
    {
        return strtoupper(parent::text());
    }
}

$container->bind(Foo::class)
          ->extend(Foo:class, function(Foo $instance){
              return new MyFoo($instance);
          });
          
echo $container(Foo::class)->text(); // BAR

PSR Containers

The container provides support for PSR-11 by implementing the Psr\Container\ContainerInterface. This interface defines two methods: get and has. Both methods take as their single argument a string that is an opaque identifier for a type. Mapping an identifier to a type is done by using the alias method;

$container->alias('foo', GreetingInterface::class);

if ($container->has('foo')) {
    echo $container->get('foo')->greet(); // Hi
}